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President of the Quorum of the Twelve
President of the Quorum of the Twelve (also President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, President of the Council of Twelve Apostles, and President of the Twelve) is a leadership position that exists in some of the churches of the Latter Day Saint movement. In these churches, the President is the head of the Quorum of the Twelve.
== Position in the original Latter Day Saint church ==
When Joseph Smith organized the first Quorum of the Twelve of the Church of the Latter Day Saints in 1835, he ranked the members in order of seniority, by age.〔Joseph Smith (B. H. Roberts ed.), ''History of the Church'' 2:219–20.〕 The oldest—and therefore most senior—member was believed to be Thomas B. Marsh; he was designated by Smith as the quorum president.〔〔The apostle who was designated second in seniority was David W. Patten; he was unsure of his birth year. Subsequent records have revealed that Patten was older than Marsh by almost a year and thus he, not Marsh, should have been the first President of the Quorum of the Twelve. See Alexander L. Baugh, ("Patten, David W." ) in Daniel H. Ludlow (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Mormonism'' (New York: Macmillan, 1992).〕 When new members were added to the quorum due to vacancies caused by death, apostasy, or excommunication, the new member was received as the junior member of the quorum, regardless of their age. The principle was established that the senior member of the quorum was to be its president.
When Marsh was excommunicated from the church in 1839, Brigham Young was the senior member of the quorum, and he therefore became the President of the Quorum.〔Young was the third most-senior apostle in the original 1835 ranking. The other apostle placed senior to him, David W. Patten, had been killed in 1838.〕 Young still held this position when Smith was killed in 1844. As President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Brigham Young claimed the authority to lead the church after Joseph Smith's death. The majority of Latter Day Saints endorsed Young's leadership; the church Young and his followers continued is today The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Other Latter Day Saint denominations were formed by Latter Day Saints who dissented from Young's leadership over the church.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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